| 西方国家的老年公寓 |
| 添加时间：2019/11/11 16:32:10 浏览次数： |
| 西方国家的老年公寓，多建在环境优美、交通方便的城市郊区或闹中取静的城市中心，建筑风格古朴典雅;室内设备齐全,取用方便,室内布置与一般家庭居室大体相同。公寓设有生活服务、呼救报警、医疗保健、休息娱乐、文化学习、自助劳动等设施和场所。随着西方福利事业的发展及老年公寓条件的改善,许多虽有子女或亲属照料的老年人,为避免代际冲突，也自愿申请到老年公寓来安度晚年。 The apartments for the elderly in western countries are mostly built in the suburbs of cities with beautiful environment and convenient transportation or in the city center with quiet downtown. The architectural style is simple and elegant; the indoor equipment is complete and convenient to use, and the indoor layout is basically the same as that of ordinary family rooms. The apartment has facilities and places such as life service, call for help and alarm, medical care, rest and entertainment, cultural learning, self-help labor, etc. With the development of welfare in the West and the improvement of apartment conditions for the elderly, many elderly people, who have children or relatives, voluntarily apply to the apartment for the elderly to spend their old age in order to avoid intergenerational conflicts. 历史发展 Historical development 美国在1935年《社会保障法》通过以前，各州政府已有老年公寓的设置;1935年后，开始大规模兴建，主要为有经济基础的老年人设立。英国于1948年实施国民救助法时，规定每一都市政府要为贫困无家的老年人设置老年公寓，都市政府如财力不足，可与慈善团体合力兴建。 Before the adoption of the social security act of 1935 in the United States, state governments had set up apartments for the elderly; after 1935, large-scale construction began, mainly for the elderly with economic basis. When the UK implemented the national aid act in 1948, it stipulated that every city government should set up apartments for the elderly who are poor and homeless. If the city government is short of money, it can build them together with charities. 中国从70年代末、80年代初开始，在上海、北京、天津、大连、烟台等地兴建老年公寓。此后，各种形式的由国家、社会或企业建立的老年公寓在各地相继出现。 Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, China has built apartments for the elderly in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Yantai and other places. Since then, various forms of apartments for the elderly established by the state, society or enterprises have emerged in succession. 中国老龄科研中心政策室曾对北京1600余名50岁以上的中老年人大调查，希望入住老年公寓的人数达1000余人，一些老年公寓还出现人满为患的局面，老年公寓正日益获得老年人的欢迎。 The Policy Office of China Aging Research Center has investigated more than 1600 middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old in Beijing. The number of people who want to live in the apartments for the elderly is more than 1000. Some apartments for the elderly are also overcrowded, and the apartments for the elderly are increasingly popular with the elderly. 该市最早的老年公寓是1996年社会福利院开办的，有自理、半护、全护服务，且收费不一。近几年各个县的福利院也正积极扩建为综合福利服务性的老年居住场所，像条件比较好的隆化、宽城、承德县、营子的老年公寓已经有一些老年人入住，但数量并不多。 The earliest apartment for the elderly in the city was opened by the Social Welfare Institute in 1996. It has self-care, half care and full care services, with different charges. In recent years, the welfare homes in various counties are also actively expanding to serve the elderly with comprehensive welfare, such as Longhua, Kuancheng, Chengde and yingzi apartments with good conditions for the elderly have been occupied by some elderly, but the number is not large. 2009年之后，很多老年公寓，已经不再是独立的慈善或者福利机构，反而变成了一种需求，甚至有人在未有退休之前就开始预订老年公寓 。 After 2009, many apartments for the elderly have become a demand instead of an independent charity or welfare institution. Some people even start to book apartments for the elderly before they retire. |
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